"Mitochondrial diseases result from failures of the mitochondria, specialized compartments present in every cell of the body except red blood cells. Mitochondria are responsible for creating more than 90% of the energy needed by the body to sustain life and support growth. When they fail, less and less energy is generated within the cell. Cell injury and even cell death follow. If this process is repeated throughout the body, whole systems begin to fail, and the life of the person in whom this is happening is severely compromised. The disease primarily affects children, but adult onset is becoming more and more common.
Diseases of the mitochondria appear to cause the most damage to cells of the brain, heart, liver, skeletal muscles, kidney and the endocrine and respiratory systems.
Depending on which cells are affected, symptoms may include loss of motor control, muscle weakness and pain, gastro-intestinal disorders and swallowing difficulties, poor growth, cardiac disease, liver disease, diabetes, respiratory complications, seizures, visual/hearing problems, lactic acidosis, developmental delays and susceptibility to infection." ~ http://www.umdf.org
| | | | Brain Developmental delays Dementia Neuro-psychiatric disturbances Migraines Autistic Features Mental retardation Seizures Atypical cerebral palsy Strokes | Muscles Weakness Cramping Gastrointestinal problems Dysmotility Irritable bowel syndrome Hypotonia Muscle Pain Gastroesophogeal reflux Dirrahea or constipation Pseudo-obstruction | | | | | Nerves Weakness (may be intermittent) Absent reflexes Fainting Neuropathic pain Dysautonomia - temperature instability & other dysautonomic problems | Ears & Eyes Visual loss and blindness Ptosis Ophthalmoplegia Optic atrophy Hearing loss and deafness Acquired strabismus Retinitis pigmentosa | | | | | Kidneys Renal tubular acidosis or wasting | Pancreas & other glands Diabetes and exocrine pancreatic failure (inability to make digestive enzymes) Parathyroid failure (low calcium) | | | | | Liver Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) Liver failure | Systemic Failure to gain weight Fatigue Unexplained vomiting Short stature Respiratory problems |
Listed below are the different types of mito diseases. - Alpers Disease- Symptoms: seizures, dementia, spasticity, blindness, liver dysfunction, and cerebral degeneration.
- Barth syndrome- Symptoms: skeletal myopathy, cardiomyopathy, short stature, and neutropenia.
- Beta-oxidation Defects (LCAD, LCHAD, MAD, MCAD, SCAD, SCHAD, VLCAD)
- Carnitine-Acyl-Carnitine Deficiency- Symptoms: Seizures, apnea, bradycardia, vomiting, lethargy, coma, enlarged liver, limb weakness, myoglobin in the urine, Reye-like symptoms triggered by fasting.
- Carnitine Deficiency- Symptoms: Cardiomyopathy, failure to thrive, and altered consciousness or coma, sometimes hypotonia
- Co-Enzyme Q10 Deficiency- Symptoms: Encephalomyopathy, mental retardation, exercise intolerance, ragged-red fibers, and recurrent myoglobin in the urine.
- Complex I Deficiency
- Complex II Deficiency- Symptoms: Encephalomyopathy and various manifestations, including failure to thrive, developmental delay, hyoptonia, lethargy, respiratory failure, ataxia, myoclonus. Lactic acidosis common.
- Complex III Deficiency
- Complex IV Deficiency/ COX Deficiency
- Complex V Deficiency- Symptoms: Slow, progressive myopathy.
- CPEO- Symptoms: Similar to those of KSS plus: visual myopathy, retinitis pigmentosa, dysfunction of the central nervous system.
- CPT I Deficiency- Symptoms: Enlarged liver and recurrent Reye-like episodes triggered by fasting or illnesses.
- CPT II Deficiency- Symptoms - Myopathic: Exercise intolerance, fasting intolerance, muscle pain, muscle stiffness, and myoglobin in the urine. Symptoms - Infantile: Reye-like syndrome, enlarged liver, hypoglycemia, enlarged heart, and cardiac arrhythmia.
- Glutaric Aciduria Type II
- KSS
- Lactic Acidosis
- LCAD- Symptoms: Usually causes a fatal syndrome, in infants, typified by failure to thrive, enlarged liver, enlarged heart, metabolic encephalopathy, and hypotonia.
- LCHAD- Symptoms: Encephalopathy, liver dysfunction, cardiomyopathy, and myopathy. Also pigmentary retinopathy and peripheral neuropathy.
- Leigh Disease or Syndrome- Symptoms: Seizures, hypotonia, fatigue, nystagmus, poor reflexes, eating & swallowing difficulties, breathing problems, poor motor function, ataxia.
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