Children and adults with Down syndrome can live long, healthy lives. However, they may face certain health challenges more often than the general population. Knowing what to expect—and how to manage it—can help families stay proactive and prepared.
Regular checkups, early intervention, and a strong care team can make a big difference in your loved one’s quality of life.
1. Heart Conditions
About 50% of babies with Down syndrome are born with a heart defect. The most common issue is an atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD), which affects the walls between heart chambers.
What to watch for:
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Fatigue or poor feeding in infants
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Breathing problems
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Slow weight gain
Doctors usually detect heart conditions early with ultrasounds or tests after birth. Many cases can be treated with surgery and ongoing care.
2. Hearing Loss
Children with Down syndrome often have small ear canals and frequent ear infections, which can lead to hearing loss if left untreated.
Signs to look for:
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Delayed speech or unclear pronunciation
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Not responding to sounds or name
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Frequent ear pulling or pain
Regular hearing screenings are important. Some children may need tubes in their ears or hearing aids to support development.
3. Vision Problems
Eye issues are common and can affect learning and behavior.
Common problems include:
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Nearsightedness or farsightedness
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Crossed eyes (strabismus)
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Cataracts or blocked tear ducts
Eye exams should start early, and glasses or surgery may be recommended to correct vision.
4. Thyroid Disorders
People with Down syndrome are at higher risk of hypothyroidism, where the thyroid doesn’t produce enough hormones.
Symptoms include:
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Fatigue
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Weight gain
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Cold intolerance
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Slow growth or delayed development
A simple blood test can detect thyroid issues. Medication can help manage hormone levels.
5. Sleep Apnea
Obstructive sleep apnea is common due to smaller airways or enlarged tonsils.
Warning signs:
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Snoring or gasping during sleep
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Daytime sleepiness
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Behavior problems or difficulty concentrating
Sleep studies can diagnose the problem. Treatments may include surgery or the use of a CPAP machine.
6. Gastrointestinal Issues
Some children may experience feeding problems, constipation, or conditions like celiac disease, which affects the small intestine.
Keep an eye out for:
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Stomach pain
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Unexplained weight loss
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Diarrhea or constipation
A special diet and medical treatment can help manage these conditions effectively.
7. Immune System Weakness
Children with Down syndrome may have a weaker immune system, making them more prone to infections.
Tips for support:
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Stay up-to-date with vaccinations
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Wash hands regularly
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Consult your doctor for fever or illness quickly
Some may need extra protection during flu season or other outbreaks.
8. Mental Health Concerns
As children grow into teens and adults, anxiety, depression, or behavior changes can appear. These are often underdiagnosed in people with Down syndrome.
Signs to notice:
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Mood swings or withdrawal
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Changes in sleep or appetite
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Loss of interest in favorite activities
Mental health support, counseling, and medication can help manage symptoms.
Final Thoughts
While health concerns are more common in people with Down syndrome, most can be managed with regular care and early detection. Build a strong relationship with your doctor and create a routine for checkups and screenings.
The goal is simple: to keep your loved one feeling well, active, and happy—every step of the way.