Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental condition that often becomes noticeable in early childhood. While every child develops at their own pace, recognizing the early signs of autism can lead to earlier diagnosis, intervention, and support—making a meaningful difference in your child’s growth and long-term development.
This guide explores the early behavioral and developmental signs parents and caregivers can look for in babies and toddlers from infancy through age three.
Why Early Detection Matters
Research shows that early diagnosis of autism can significantly improve outcomes. The earlier a child receives appropriate therapy and support, the greater their chances of:
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Improving communication and social skills
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Reducing challenging behaviors
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Learning life and academic skills
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Becoming more independent later in life
Being proactive and informed as a parent is the first step toward timely support.
Early Signs of Autism in Infants (0–12 Months)
At this age, signs may be subtle and easily mistaken for general delays. Watch for:
1. Lack of Eye Contact
By 2–3 months, most babies will make eye contact during feeding or while being held. Babies with autism may avoid eye contact or not respond to facial expressions.
2. Limited Social Smiling
Typical infants begin to smile socially around 6–8 weeks. A baby who doesn’t smile back or respond to your smile may be showing an early sign of ASD.
3. Delayed or Absent Babbling
Babbling (“ba-ba”, “da-da”) usually begins by 6 months. Babies with autism might babble less or not at all by their first birthday.
4. Lack of Response to Name
By 6–9 months, most babies turn when their name is called. Children with autism may not respond consistently or may seem as if they don’t hear you.
5. No Gesturing
Waving, pointing, or reaching typically begins before 12 months. A lack of these gestures may signal communication delays.
Early Signs of Autism in Toddlers (12–36 Months)
As children begin to walk, talk, and interact more, autism signs can become clearer:
1. Delayed Speech and Language
By 18 months, toddlers usually say a few single words. Children with autism may have delayed speech, repeat phrases (echolalia), or stop using words they previously learned.
2. Limited Interest in People or Play
Toddlers with autism may prefer to play alone, show little interest in pretend play, or struggle to imitate actions like clapping or waving.
3. Repetitive Behaviors
Watch for repetitive actions such as:
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Hand-flapping
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Rocking
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Spinning objects
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Lining up toys repeatedly
These behaviors may seem soothing to the child but appear unusual or excessive to others.
4. Resistance to Change
Children with autism often struggle with changes in routine. A small shift—like a new route to daycare—may cause stress or tantrums.
5. Sensory Sensitivities
Your child may be extremely sensitive to:
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Loud noises
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Bright lights
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Certain textures (clothing, food)
Or they may seek unusual sensory input, such as sniffing or rubbing objects repeatedly.
Developmental Milestone Red Flags
Here are some specific red flags by age:
By 6 months:
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No big smiles or warm expressions
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Limited eye contact
By 9 months:
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No sharing of sounds or facial expressions
By 12 months:
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No babbling
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No pointing, waving, or reaching
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No response to name
By 18 months:
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No spoken words
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No interest in social interaction
By 24 months:
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No two-word meaningful phrases
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Loss of previously learned language or social skills
What to Do If You Notice Early Signs
If you’re concerned about your child’s development:
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Trust your instincts. You know your child best.
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Talk to your pediatrician. Ask for developmental screening.
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Request an early intervention evaluation. In many countries, early intervention services are available for free or at low cost.
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Document behaviors. Keep notes on what you observe, when it happens, and how often.
Conclusion
Recognizing early signs of autism in babies and toddlers allows families to seek support sooner, leading to better outcomes. While noticing differences in your child’s development can be worrying, it’s also an opportunity to get the help they need to thrive.