If you or someone you know has been diagnosed with cortical visual impairment, you may have many questions. What exactly is CVI? How does it affect vision? And most importantly, how can individuals with this condition be supported to thrive?
Unlike common eye problems, cortical visual impairment is not caused by damage to the eyes themselves but rather to the part of the brain that processes visual information. Because of this, it can sometimes be misunderstood or overlooked.
In this article, we’ll explain clearly what CVI is, how it affects vision, and what can be done to help those living with it.
Understanding Cortical Visual Impairment
Cortical Visual Impairment (CVI) refers to a vision impairment that results from damage or dysfunction in the visual pathways or visual processing centers of the brain. Simply put, the eyes may be healthy, but the brain struggles to interpret what it “sees.”
This means that even if the eyes send images to the brain, the person may not recognize or respond to these images normally.
How is Cortical Visual Impairment Different from Other Visual Impairments?
Most vision problems stem from damage or diseases affecting the eyes, like cataracts or glaucoma. However, with cortical visual impairment, the problem lies deeper—in the brain’s visual cortex or related areas.
Therefore:
- The eyes may appear normal during exams.
- Visual acuity tests may not fully reflect the challenges.
- The brain’s ability to process and make sense of visual information is limited or altered.
This distinction makes CVI unique and often requires specialized approaches for diagnosis and support.
Common Causes of Cortical Visual Impairment
CVI can be caused by a variety of factors affecting the brain prior to, during, or shortly after birth. Some common causes include
- Premature birth and related complications
- Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (lack of oxygen to the brain)
- Traumatic brain injury
- Infections such as meningitis or encephalitis
- Stroke or brain hemorrhage
- Neurological disorders like cerebral palsy
Because of these causes, CVI is often seen in children who have experienced early brain injury or developmental issues.
Signs and Symptoms of Cortical Visual Impairment
Recognizing CVI can be tricky since symptoms may overlap with other conditions. However, some common signs include
- Difficulty recognizing faces or objects
- Problems with visual attention or tracking moving objects
- Preference for looking at lights or bright colors rather than detailed images
- Difficulty navigating or bumping into objects
- Fluctuating vision—sometimes seeing better than other times
- Strong reactions to busy or cluttered visual environments
If you notice these signs in a child or adult, it’s important to seek a professional evaluation.
How is Cortical Visual Impairment Diagnosed?
Diagnosing CVI involves a team approach. Eye doctors (ophthalmologists) check the health of the eyes, while neurologists or developmental specialists assess brain function and visual processing.
Tests may include:
- Eye examinations
- Neuroimaging like MRI or CT scans
- Visual behavior observations in different environments
- Functional vision assessments by specialists
Because CVI affects how the brain processes vision, no single test confirms it. Instead, the diagnosis is made by gathering information from various sources.
Supporting Someone with Cortical Visual Impairment
The good news is that while CVI cannot always be cured, many people benefit from targeted interventions and accommodations.
Creating a Supportive Environment
- Reduce visual clutter and distractions.
- Use high-contrast, simple images or objects.
- Present one object or idea at a time.
- Provide consistent routines and familiar environments.
- Use other senses like touch and hearing to support learning.
Vision Therapy and Early Intervention
Specialized vision therapy can help train the brain to process visual information better. Early intervention services are key for children, as their brains are more adaptable.
Use of Technology
Technology such as tablets with adjustable contrast or audio descriptions can help improve accessibility.
Living and Thriving with a Visual Cortical Disorder
With patience, understanding, and the right support, individuals with CVI can enjoy rich learning experiences and meaningful connections.
Caregivers, educators, and therapists all play an important role in helping someone with CVI reach their potential.
Final Thoughts
Cortical visual impairment may be complex, but awareness and appropriate support make a huge difference. If you suspect CVI, early evaluation and intervention are essential.
Remember, the goal is to create a world where those with CVI can see as much as possible—not just with their eyes, but with the help of the brain and heart too.